Nearly three decades after DNA analysis first became a tool in criminal investigations, demand for the testing continues to rise. In Ohio, BCI is experiencing its heaviest DNA caseload ever.
Through mid-August, BCI scientists had worked 3,279 DNA cases and, based on current trends, are on pace to end the year with more than 4,600 cases, up from 3,135 cases in 2010. Total specimens tested are on track to exceed 22,000 this year, more than triple the 6,761 specimens tested in 2010.
These trends make it vital to continually examine processes and explore the most efficient methods of testing, said Elizabeth Benzinger, director of research, development, and training. She has been involved in DNA testing at BCI since it was introduced in 1997.
Three ways BCI is working toward those goals:
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The bureau is among 13 labs nationwide testing a new generation of DNA kits for the FBI. The three-month process involves one staff member testing two brands of prototype kits, both of which hold the promise of producing results with the most difficult samples and providing more information for each sample. In addition to advancing science, the experience gained in the trial will help BCI make a more seamless transition when one of the kits ultimately is selected. Scientists continue to analyze regular casework using established methods.
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Through a process resembling an assembly line, BCI uses a team approach to work more samples in less time. Whereas scientists used to work on one case at a time, now they work on one step of many cases at a time. Thoroughness and quality are maintained by including steps in which a very experienced scientist views the case as a whole and determines if any additional work is necessary.
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BCI is constantly looking for ways to further automate its DNA testing and now is examining the use of robotics on “touch” DNA samples and sexual assault case analysis. Robots play a role in about 75 percent of DNA casework, and BCI hopes to elevate that to 80 to 90 percent.
“Change is the only constant here,” Benzinger said. “We are always exploring new areas of automation and chemistry to work more samples and increase our efficiency and sensitivity.”